PYOMETRA
PYOMETRA IN BITCHES
A spontaneous uterine disease of middle aged to older aged bitches with or without drooling of pus from vagina. This condition occurs at the luteal phase and animal starts showing symptoms after 18-90 days after completion of estrus.
CLINICAL FORMS:-
1] open pyometra
2] closed pyometra
BREED PREDILECTION:- can oocur in any breed but it is supposed to occur more commonly in rough-coated collies, rottweilers, miniature schnauzers, Cavalier King Charles spaniels, golden retrievers, Bernese mountain dogs, and English springer spaniels.
Less common in German shepherds, dachshunds, and Swedish hounds.
ETIOLOGY:- exact etiology is not known but hormonal imbalance mainly high progesterone level is one the most cause of the disease.
cystic endometrial hyperplasia results ultimately in pyometra.
Nulliperous bitches. Pseudopregnancy, irregular oestrous cycle can be considered as other etiological factors.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS:-
• Continuous drooling of pus with or with mixing with blood {open pyometra}
• Polydypsia, polyurea
• anorexia
• Vomition
• Lethargy , depression
• pyrexia
• in closed pyometra the condition is more severe due to failure of expulsion of uterine material and leads to septicemia
• endotoximia
• septic peritonitis
• dehydration
• shock and collapse.
DIAGNOSIS:-
1} Abdominal palpation ( not reliable)
2}Ultrasonography - The uterine wall is usually relatively
hypoechoic with increased in thickness.
Uterine lumen filled with anechoic fluid or some echogenic particles or masses.
3} Radiography:- can be used for cranial dislocation of small intestine and dorsal displacement of colon due to enlargement of uterus.
4} hematology:-increased leukocytes
Neutrophillia with regenerative left shift
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:- pregnancy, estrus, hydrometra, mucometra, vaginitis, neoplasia, and uterine torsion.
TREATMENT:-
Overiohysterectomy is the choice of treatment with approx 92% success.
Therapeutic treatment :- since it is a luteal phase originated disease
PGF2alpha preparation such as dinoprost or cloprostinol for strong uterine contraction. And luteolysis.
Cabergoline, a prolectin inhibitor (5.0 g/kg/day) and cloprostenol (5.0 g/kg every other day) for up to
10 days has been shown to be successful.
Broad spectrum antibiotics along with fkuid therapy.
Newer approach includes progesterone receptor
antagonist aglepristone combined with cloprostenol showed satisfactory results in closed pyometra.
A spontaneous uterine disease of middle aged to older aged bitches with or without drooling of pus from vagina. This condition occurs at the luteal phase and animal starts showing symptoms after 18-90 days after completion of estrus.
CLINICAL FORMS:-
1] open pyometra
2] closed pyometra
BREED PREDILECTION:- can oocur in any breed but it is supposed to occur more commonly in rough-coated collies, rottweilers, miniature schnauzers, Cavalier King Charles spaniels, golden retrievers, Bernese mountain dogs, and English springer spaniels.
Less common in German shepherds, dachshunds, and Swedish hounds.
ETIOLOGY:- exact etiology is not known but hormonal imbalance mainly high progesterone level is one the most cause of the disease.
cystic endometrial hyperplasia results ultimately in pyometra.
Nulliperous bitches. Pseudopregnancy, irregular oestrous cycle can be considered as other etiological factors.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS:-
• Continuous drooling of pus with or with mixing with blood {open pyometra}
• Polydypsia, polyurea
• anorexia
• Vomition
• Lethargy , depression
• pyrexia
• in closed pyometra the condition is more severe due to failure of expulsion of uterine material and leads to septicemia
• endotoximia
• septic peritonitis
• dehydration
• shock and collapse.
DIAGNOSIS:-
1} Abdominal palpation ( not reliable)
2}Ultrasonography - The uterine wall is usually relatively
hypoechoic with increased in thickness.
Uterine lumen filled with anechoic fluid or some echogenic particles or masses.
3} Radiography:- can be used for cranial dislocation of small intestine and dorsal displacement of colon due to enlargement of uterus.
4} hematology:-increased leukocytes
Neutrophillia with regenerative left shift
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:- pregnancy, estrus, hydrometra, mucometra, vaginitis, neoplasia, and uterine torsion.
TREATMENT:-
Overiohysterectomy is the choice of treatment with approx 92% success.
Therapeutic treatment :- since it is a luteal phase originated disease
PGF2alpha preparation such as dinoprost or cloprostinol for strong uterine contraction. And luteolysis.
Cabergoline, a prolectin inhibitor (5.0 g/kg/day) and cloprostenol (5.0 g/kg every other day) for up to
10 days has been shown to be successful.
Broad spectrum antibiotics along with fkuid therapy.
Newer approach includes progesterone receptor
antagonist aglepristone combined with cloprostenol showed satisfactory results in closed pyometra.
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